Asperger Syndrome is a neurological disorder considered to be part of the wide ranging autism spectrum. Whereas some autistic disorders are associated with lower cognitive abilities, AS is considered to be at the high functioning end of the spectrum. Indeed most AS individuals have average or above I.Q's and many are known to be extremely intelligent.
The underlying characteristics of all autistic disorders are social and communicative by nature. People with Asperger Syndrome often find it difficult to understand how others think or feel. This includes the ability to "read" body language and facial expressions. They may respond to others in socially unacceptable, or at least unusual, ways.
Asperger Syndrome is often accompanied by compulsive behaviors; intense, but, narrow interests; and a need for rigid routines.
Communication skills are affected by the innate sense of "self" and weak understanding of "others". Conversations can be very one-sided revolving around the narrow interests.
Routine social skills become barriers to developing friendships and personal relationships. Compromise, give-and-take, reciprocity, even basic manners can be severely limited.
For a better understanding of how the autistic nature of Asperger Syndrome affects personal and family relationships please read: